Kev haus luam yeeb txuas ntxiv yog qhov ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tuag hauv Canada. Hauv 2017, ntau dua 47,000 tus neeg tuag yog vim kev haus luam yeeb hauv Canada, nrog kwv yees li $ 6.1 nphom hauv cov nqi kho mob ncaj qha thiab $ 12.3 nphom hauv tag nrho cov nqi tag nrho.1 Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2019, cov kev cai ntim cov khoom siv luam yeeb tau siv los ua ib feem. ntawm Canada's Tobacco Strategy, uas lub hom phiaj kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm tsawg dua 5% kev haus luam yeeb los ntawm 2035 ib.
Kev ntim khoom dawb tau txais los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li lub Xya hli ntuj 2020, dawbCanadantim luam yeebtau ua tiav tag nrho ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov khw muag khoom hauv 14 lub tebchaws: Australia(2012); Fabkis thiab United Kingdom (2017); New Zealand, Norway, thiab Ireland (2018); Uruguay, thiab Thaib teb (2019); Saudi Arabia, Qaib ntxhw, Israel, thiab Slovenia (Lub Ib Hlis 2020); Canada (Lub Ob Hlis 2020); thiab Singapore (Lub Xya Hli 2020). Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2022, Belgium, Hungary, thiab Netherlands yuav tau siv tag nrho cov ntim ntim.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no qhia txog cov pov thawj los ntawm International Tobacco Control (ITC) Txoj Cai Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Txoj Haujlwm ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ntim khoom hauv Canada. Txij li xyoo 2002, ITC Project tau ua cov kev tshawb fawb ntev hauv 29 lub teb chaws los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov cai tswj kev haus luam yeeb tseem ceeb ntawm World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no nthuav tawm cov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntim ntim hauv Canada raws li cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm cov neeg laus haus luam yeeb ua ntej (2018) thiab tom qab (2020) cov lus qhia ntawm cov dawbCanadantim luam yeeb. Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Canada kuj tau nthuav tawm hauv cov ntsiab lus nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm txog li 25 lwm lub tebchaws ITC Project - suav nrog Australia, England, Fabkis, thiab New Zealand, qhov chaw ntim khoom tau raug coj los siv.
Cov ntim ntim ntim tau txo qis pob rov hais dua - 45% ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb tsis nyiam qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov ntim luam yeeb tom qab dawbCanada ntim luam yeebtau qhia, piv rau 29% ua ntej txoj cai Unlik Daim ntawv qhia no tau npaj los ntawm ITC Project ntawm University of Waterloo: Janet Chung-Hall, Pete Driezen, Eunice Ofeibea Indome, Gang Meng, Lorraine Craig, thiab Geoffrey T. Fong. Peb lees paub cov lus los ntawm Cynthia Callard, Cov Kws Kho Mob rau Canada tsis muaj pa luam yeeb; Rob Cunningham, Canadian Cancer Society; thiab Francis Thompson, HealthBridge ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg no. Graphic design thiab layout yog muab los ntawm Sonya Lyon ntawm Sentrik Graphic Solutions Inc. Ua tsaug rau Brigitte Meloche rau kev muab kev pab txhais lus Fab Kis; thiab rau Nadia Martin, ITC Project rau Fab Kis txhais lus tshuaj xyuas thiab kho. Cov nyiaj pab rau daim ntawv qhia no yog muab los ntawm Health Canada's Substance Use and Adddictions Program (SUAP) Arrangement #2021-HQ-000058. Cov kev xav tau hais hauv no tsis tas yuav sawv cev rau kev xav ntawm Health Canada.
ITC Plaub Lub Tebchaws Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Kev Tshawb Fawb tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm US National Cancer Institute (P01 CA200512), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148477), thiab National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (APP 1106451). Kev txhawb nqa ntxiv yog muab rau Geoffrey T. Fong los ntawm Senior Investigator Grant los ntawm Ontario Institute rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kab Mob.
Txoj cai tswjfwm rau kev ntim khoom haus luam yeeb (tseem hu ua kev ntim khoom ntim) yog muab raws li Txoj Cai Tobacco thiab Vaping Products Act (TVPA)4, uas tau hloov kho rau lub Tsib Hlis 23, 2018 raws li txoj cai lij choj los txo lub nra hnyav ntawm kev haus luam yeeb tuag. thiab kab mob hauv Canada. PlainCanadantim luam yeebLub hom phiaj los txo qhov kev thov rov hais dua ntawm cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb thiab tau tshaj tawm raws li 2019 Tobacco Products Regulations (Plain and Standardized Appearance) 5 raws li ib qho ntawm cov kev cai dav dav los pab kom ncav cuag lub hom phiaj ntawm tsawg dua 5% kev haus luam yeeb los ntawm 2035 raws li Canada's Tobacco Strategy .
Cov kev cai siv rau kev ntim khoom rau txhua yam khoom luam yeeb, suav nrog cov luam yeeb tsim, yob koj tus kheej cov khoom lag luam (cov luam yeeb xoob, cov raj thiab cov ntaub ntawv dov uas npaj rau kev siv luam yeeb), luam yeeb thiab me me cigars, yeeb nkab luam yeeb, luam yeeb tsis muaj pa, thiab cov khoom luam yeeb. -Cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb / vaping tsis raug them raws li cov cai no, vim lawv tsis raug cais raws li cov khoom luam yeeb hauv TVPA.
4 Kev ntim cov luam yeeb, cov luam yeeb me me, cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb tsim los siv nrog cov cuab yeej siv, thiab tag nrho lwm cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb tau siv los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom / tus neeg xa khoom thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 9, 2019, nrog rau 90-hnub hloov pauv rau cov khw muag luam yeeb kom ua raws. Lub Ob Hlis 7, 2020. Cov ntim ntim rau cigars tau pib siv rau ntawm qib tsim khoom / tus neeg xa khoom thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 9, 2020, nrog rau 180-hnub hloov pauv rau cov khw muag luam yeeb kom ua raws li lub Tsib Hlis 8, 2021.5, 8
Canada ntim luam yeebcov kev cai tau raug xa mus rau raws li qhov kev tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb, teeb tsa ntau qhov kev coj ua hauv ntiaj teb no (saib lub thawv 1). Tag nrho cov ntim khoom haus luam yeeb yuav tsum muaj cov qauv xim xim av xim av, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv thiab ntxim nyiam, thiab cov ntawv tso cai tso cai rau hauv qhov chaw, font, xim, thiab qhov loj me. Cov luam yeeb sticks tsis tuaj yeem tshaj qhov ntev ntawm qhov dav thiab ntev; muaj lub npe nrov; thiab lub taub qab kawg ntawm lub lim yuav tsum tiaj tus thiab tsis tuaj yeem muaj qhov chaw so.Canada ntim luam yeebyuav ua tus qauv rau cov ntawv swb thiab lub plhaub ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom / cov khoom lag luam raws li lub Kaum Ib Hlis 9, 2021 (cov khw muag khoom muaj txog thaum Lub Ob Hlis 7, 2022 kom ua raws), yog li txwv cov pob khoom nrog qhib sab saum toj. Daim duab 1 qhia txog cov swb thiab lub plhaub ntim nrog lub tiajCanada ntim luam yeeb qhov twg cov lus qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub ntim sab hauv thaum lub pob qhib. Canada yog thawj lub tebchaws nyob hauv ntiaj teb uas xav tau swb thiab lub plhaub ntim khoom THIAB yog thawj zaug xav tau kev xa xov kev noj qab haus huv sab hauv.
Canadantim luam yeebcov kev cai yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab thawj zaug:
• Txwv tsis pub siv cov xim piav qhia hauv txhua lub npe thiab cov npe sib txawv
• Xav tau ib daim ntawv swb thiab lub plhaub ntim rau cov luam yeeb
• Yuav tsum muaj xim av xim av rau sab hauv ntawm lub ntim
• Txiav luam yeeb ntev dua 85mm
• Txwv tsis pub haus luam yeeb tsawg dua 7.65mm inch
Cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb tau teeb tsa los ntawm Canada cov kev cai ntim khoom
Canada tsis tau ua raws li cov lus ceeb toom tshiab thiab loj dua cov ntawv ceeb toom txog kev noj qab haus huv (PHWs) ntawm cov ntim luam yeeb nrog rau cov kev cai ntim khoom, raws li xav tau los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws suav nrog Australia, United Kingdom, Fabkis, thiab New Zealand. Txawm li cas los xij,Canada lub hnab luam yeebCov lus ceeb toom (75% ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab sab nraub qaum) yuav yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tag nrho cov saum npoo av thaum qhov yuav tsum tau swb thiab lub plhaub hom pib siv thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2021. Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Canada tau ua tiav cov phiaj xwm los siv ntau qhov kev ceeb toom kev noj qab haus huv tshiab rau cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb uas yuav tsum tau hloov pauv tom qab lub sijhawm teev tseg.9 Daim duab 2 nthuav qhia lub sijhawm rau kev ntim khoom hauv Canada nrog rau ITC Plaub Lub Tebchaws Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Surveys, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv rau daim ntawv tshaj tawm no.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ITC Canada Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Kev Tshawb Fawb ua ntej thiab tom qab lub ntim ntim tau ua tiav ntawm cov khw muag khoom thaum Lub Ob Hlis 7, 2020. ITC Canada Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Survey, ib feem ntawm qhov loj dua ITC Plaub Lub Tebchaws Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Kev Tshawb Fawb, uas kuj tau ua nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog kev tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws United States, Australia, thiab England, yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg laus. Cov neeg haus luam yeeb thiab vapers nrhiav los ntawm lub teb chaws lub vev xaib hauv txhua lub tebchaws. Qhov kev tshawb fawb 45-feeb hauv online suav nrog cov lus nug uas cuam tshuam rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov ntim ntim, uas tau siv los ntawm ITC Project los ntsuas cov ntim ntim hauv Australia, England, New Zealand, thiab Fabkis. Lub ITC Canada Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Kev Tshawb Fawb tau ua los ntawm cov qauv neeg sawv cev hauv tebchaws ntawm 4600 tus neeg laus haus luam yeeb uas tau ua tiav cov kev tshawb fawb hauv xyoo 2018 (ua ntej ntim ntim), 2020 (tom qab ntim ntim), lossis ob xyoos.Longitudinal cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Canada muab piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ob Lwm lub tebchaws ITC (Australia thiab Tebchaws Meskas) qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws tau ua nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thiab qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lawv cov kev cai ntim cov luam yeeb thiab cov kev cai rau kev hloov pauv hauv PHWs (saib Table 1).i Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg teb cov lus nug hauv Canada, Australia, thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau sau tseg rau hauv Table 2. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm kuj nthuav tawm cov kev sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hla teb chaws. ntawm kev xaiv txoj cai cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas hauv Canada thiab txog li 25 lwm ITC lub teb chaws.ii
Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv thiab kev soj ntsuam hauv txhua lub tebchaws tau nthuav tawm hauv ITC Plaub Lub Tebchaws Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Kev Tshawb Fawb
cov ntaub ntawv qhia txuj ci, muaj nyob ntawm:https://itcproject.org/methods/
ITC Project yav dhau los tau tshaj tawm cov lus ceeb toom txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntim khoom hauv New Zealand18 thiab England19. Yav tom ntej ITC cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb yuav nthuav tawm ntau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntim ntim hauv Canada thiab lwm lub tebchaws, nrog rau kev sib piv ntawm txoj cai cuam tshuam thoob plaws tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm ITC lub teb chaws uas tau ua raws li cov kev cai.Canadantim luam yeeb.Qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm rau Canada hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb yav tom ntej thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm hauv daim ntawv no yog vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev hloov kho, tab sis tsis txhob hloov tag nrho cov qauv ntawm finds.ii.
Cov txiaj ntsig xyoo 2020 rau Canada tau nthuav tawm hauv cov duab hla teb chaws yuav txawv me ntsis los ntawm 2020 cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov duab ntev uas tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom no vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv kev hloov kho rau txhua hom kev tshuaj ntsuam.iii
Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas tom qab-plain ntim hauv Canada, feem ntau cov pob khoom dawb ntawm cov khw muag khoom yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv saum toj kawg nkaus, nrog cov ntawv swb thiab lub plhaub muaj nyob rau tsuas yog qee tus naj npawb ntawm cov npe ib qho ntawm lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntim khoom yog kom txo tau qhov zoo nkauj. thiab rov hais dua ntawm cov khoom luam yeeb.
Kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws tau qhia tsis tu ncua tias cov pob luam yeeb dawb tsis txaus siab rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb dua li cov pob khoom muaj npe.12-16
Qhov Kev Tshawb Fawb ITC tau pom tias muaj qhov nce ntxiv ntawm feem pua ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb Canadian uas pom lawv cov ntim luam yeeb "tsis txaus siab" tom qab kev siv Canadantim luam yeeb.Qhov kev thov rov hais dua tseem ceeb no yog qhov sib piv rau ob lub tebchaws sib piv - Australia thiab Asmeskas - qhov uas tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm feem pua ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas pom lawv cov ntim luam yeeb "tsis txaus siab".
Muaj qhov nce ntxiv ntawm feem pua ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas tau hais tias lawv tsis nyiam qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov ntim luam yeeb tom qab kev siv cov ntim ntim hauv Canada (los ntawm 29% hauv 2018 txog 45% hauv 2020). Pob ntawv thov yog qhov qis tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Australia (qhov chaw ntim ntim tau siv ua ke nrog cov PHW loj dua hauv xyoo 2012), nrog ntau tshaj li ob feem peb ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb tshaj tawm tias lawv tsis nyiam qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov pob hauv 2018 (71%) thiab 2020. (69%). Hauv qhov sib piv, feem pua ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas tau hais tias lawv tsis nyiam qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov pob khoom tseem qis hauv Asmeskas (9% hauv 2018 thiab 12% hauv 2020), qhov kev ceeb toom tsuas yog cov ntawv nyeem nkaus xwb thiab tsis tau muab coj los siv ( saib daim duab 3).
Cov txiaj ntsig no tau ua raws li qhov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los ntawm ITC Project uas qhia tias muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas tsis nyiam qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov pob tom qab kev ntim khoom siv hauv Australia (los ntawm 44% hauv 2012 txog 82% hauv 2013) 17, New Zealand ( Los ntawm 50% hauv 2016-17 txog 75% hauv 2018) 18, thiab Askiv (los ntawm 16% hauv 2016 rau 53% hauv 2018).19
Cov kev tshawb pom tam sim no tseem ntxiv rau cov pov thawj los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb luam tawm uas qhia txog kev txo qis hauv pob rov hais dua tom qab siv cov ntim ntim nrog cov PHW loj dua hauv Australia20, 21 thiab qhov cuam tshuam zoo ntawmCanadantim luam yeebntawm kev txo pob rov hais dua thiab siab dua nce qhov loj ntawm PHWs hauv England.22
Lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntim ntim hauv tebchaws United Kingdom thiab Norway siv cov kev tshawb fawb ITC tau tsim muaj pov thawj ntxiv tias kev siv cov ntim ntim yooj yim ua ke nrog cov tshiab PHWs tshiab txhim kho kev ceeb toom salience thiab kev ua tau zoo tshaj qhov ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov ntim ntim tsis hloov pauv. rau cov lus ceeb toom txog kev noj qab haus huv. Ua ntej yuav siv cov ntim ntim, ob lub teb chaws muaj cov lus ceeb toom kev noj qab haus huv tib yam ntawm cov ntim luam yeeb (43% cov ntawv ceeb toom rau pem hauv ntej, 53% PHW tom qab).
Tom qab kev siv cov ntim ntim yooj yim ua ke nrog cov tshiab PHW loj dua (65% ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum) hauv tebchaws United Kingdom, muaj qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb pom, nyeem ntawv, thiab xav txog cov lus ceeb toom, xav txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, zam kev coj tus cwj pwm, zam luam yeeb, thiab muaj feem ntau yuav txiav tawm vim yog cov lus ceeb toom.
Hauv qhov sib piv, muaj qhov txo qis hauv kev ceeb toom, nyeem ntawv, thiab saib xyuas cov lus ceeb toom, xav txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau txiav tawm vim muaj kev ceeb toom ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb hauv Norway, qhov chaw ntim ntim tau siv yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv. rau kev ceeb toom txog kev noj qab haus huv.23 Cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau pom hauv tebchaws United Kingdom piv rau Norway qhia tau tiasCanada ntim luam yeebTxhim khu kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov lus ceeb toom tshiab duab loj, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntawv qub / cov lus ceeb toom
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-15-2024