Kev siv luam yeeb tseem yog qhov ua rau muaj kab mob thiab kev tuag uas tiv thaiv tau hauv Canada. Xyoo 2017, muaj ntau dua 47,000 tus neeg tuag vim kev siv luam yeeb hauv Canada, nrog rau kwv yees li $ 6.1 billion hauv cov nqi kho mob ncaj qha thiab $ 12.3 billion hauv tag nrho cov nqi.1 Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2019, cov cai tswjfwm ntim khoom rau cov khoom luam yeeb tau pib siv ua ib feem ntawm Canada Txoj Cai Luam Yeeb, uas lub hom phiaj yog ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv luam yeeb tsawg dua 5% los ntawm xyoo 2035.
Cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb. Txij li Lub Xya Hli 2020, cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yimCanadakev ntim luam yeebtau siv tag nrho rau theem chaw tsim khoom thiab theem muag khoom hauv 14 lub tebchaws: Australia (2012); Fabkis thiab United Kingdom (2017); New Zealand, Norway, thiab Ireland (2018); Uruguay, thiab Thaib teb (2019); Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Israel, thiab Slovenia (Lub Ib Hlis 2020); Canada (Lub Ob Hlis 2020); thiab Singapore (Lub Xya Hli 2020). Txog Lub Ib Hlis 2022, Belgium, Hungary, thiab Netherlands yuav siv tag nrho cov ntim khoom yooj yim.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no sau cov pov thawj los ntawm International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim hauv Canada. Txij li xyoo 2002, ITC Project tau ua cov kev tshawb fawb ntev hauv 29 lub tebchaws los soj ntsuam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov cai tswj kev haus luam yeeb tseem ceeb ntawm World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no nthuav qhia cov kev tshawb pom txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim hauv Canada raws li cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm cov neeg laus haus luam yeeb ua ntej (2018) thiab tom qab (2020) kev qhia txog cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yimCanadakev ntim luam yeebCov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Canada kuj tau nthuav tawm ua ke nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm txog li 25 lub tebchaws ITC Project - suav nrog Australia, Askiv, Fabkis, thiab New Zealand, qhov chaw uas tau siv cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim.
Cov ntim khoom yooj yim txo qhov kev nyiam ntawm pob khoom - 45% ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb tsis nyiam qhov zoo li ntawm lawv lub pob luam yeeb tom qab cov khoom yooj yimCanada kev ntim luam yeebtau qhia tawm, piv rau 29% ua ntej txoj cai Unlik Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no tau npaj los ntawm ITC Project ntawm University of Waterloo: Janet Chung-Hall, Pete Driezen, Eunice Ofeibea Indome, Gang Meng, Lorraine Craig, thiab Geoffrey T. Fong. Peb lees paub cov lus los ntawm Cynthia Callard, Cov Kws Kho Mob rau Canada uas tsis haus luam yeeb; Rob Cunningham, Canadian Cancer Society; thiab Francis Thompson, HealthBridge ntawm cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm no. Kev tsim duab thiab kev teeb tsa tau muab los ntawm Sonya Lyon ntawm Sentrik Graphic Solutions Inc. Ua tsaug rau Brigitte Meloche rau kev muab kev pabcuam txhais lus Fab Kis; thiab rau Nadia Martin, ITC Project rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kho cov lus Fab Kis. Kev pab nyiaj rau daim ntawv tshaj tawm no tau muab los ntawm Health Canada's Substance Use and Addictions Program (SUAP) Arrangement #2021-HQ-000058. Cov kev xav tau hais tawm ntawm no tsis tas yuav sawv cev rau cov kev xav ntawm Health Canada.
Daim Ntawv Soj Ntsuam Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping ntawm ITC Plaub Lub Tebchaws tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov nyiaj pab los ntawm US National Cancer Institute (P01 CA200512), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148477), thiab National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (APP 1106451). Kev txhawb nqa ntxiv yog muab rau Geoffrey T. Fong los ntawm Senior Investigator Grant los ntawm Ontario Institute for Cancer Research.
Txoj cai tswjfwm rau kev ntim khoom luam yeeb dawb (tseem hu ua kev ntim khoom txheem) yog muab los ntawm Txoj Cai Luam Yeeb thiab Khoom Siv Vaping (TVPA)4, uas tau txais kev hloov kho thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 23, 2018 ua lub hauv paus kev cai lij choj los txo qhov hnyav ntawm kev tuag thiab kab mob ntsig txog luam yeeb hauv Canada. DawbCanadakev ntim luam yeeblub hom phiaj yog kom txo qhov kev nyiam ntawm cov khoom luam yeeb thiab tau qhia nyob rau hauv 2019 Cov Cai Tswjfwm Khoom Luam Yeeb (Plain and Standardized Appearance)5 ua ib qho ntawm cov cai tswjfwm kom pab ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv luam yeeb tsawg dua 5% los ntawm xyoo 2035 raws li Canada Txoj Cai Luam Yeeb.
Cov cai lij choj no siv rau kev ntim khoom rau txhua yam khoom luam yeeb, suav nrog cov luam yeeb uas tsim tawm, dov koj cov khoom (cov luam yeeb xoob, cov raj thiab cov ntawv dov uas siv rau luam yeeb), cov luam yeeb cigarettes thiab cov luam yeeb me me, cov luam yeeb yeeb nkab, cov luam yeeb tsis muaj pa luam yeeb, thiab cov khoom luam yeeb kub. Cov khoom luam yeeb hluav taws xob / vaping tsis suav nrog cov cai no, vim tias lawv tsis raug cais ua cov khoom luam yeeb raws li TVPA.
4 Cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim rau cov luam yeeb, cov luam yeeb me me, cov khoom luam yeeb uas siv nrog cov khoom siv, thiab txhua yam khoom luam yeeb lwm yam tau pib siv rau ntawm theem chaw tsim khoom/tus neeg xa khoom tuaj rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 9, 2019, nrog rau lub sijhawm hloov pauv 90 hnub rau cov khw muag khoom luam yeeb kom ua raws li thaum Lub Ob Hlis 7, 2020. Cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim rau cov luam yeeb tau pib siv rau ntawm theem chaw tsim khoom/tus neeg xa khoom tuaj rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 9, 2020, nrog rau lub sijhawm hloov pauv 180 hnub rau cov khw muag khoom luam yeeb kom ua raws li thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 8, 2021.5, 8
Canada kev ntim luam yeebCov cai lij choj tau raug xa mus rau qhov kev cai lij choj uas muaj kev nkag siab zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, teeb tsa ntau qhov kev cai thoob ntiaj teb (saib Lub thawv 1). Txhua pob khoom luam yeeb yuav tsum muaj xim av daj uas tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thiab zoo nkauj, thiab cov ntawv tso cai tso cai rau hauv qhov chaw, cov ntawv, xim, thiab qhov loj me. Cov pas luam yeeb tsis tuaj yeem tshaj qhov ntev thiab qhov dav uas tau teev tseg; muaj cov cim lag luam; thiab qhov kawg ntawm lub lim yuav tsum tiaj tus thiab tsis tuaj yeem muaj qhov chaw khoob.Canada kev ntim luam yeebyuav raug teeb tsa ua qauv rau hom ntawv swb thiab plhaub ntawm qib chaw tsim khoom / tus neeg xa khoom txij li lub Kaum Ib Hlis 9, 2021 (cov khw muag khoom muaj txog rau Lub Ob Hlis 7, 2022 kom ua raws li), yog li txwv tsis pub cov pob khoom uas muaj qhov qhib rau saum. Daim duab 1 qhia txog cov ntawv swb thiab plhaub nrog daim ntawv dawbCanada kev ntim luam yeeb qhov twg cov lus qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv tau tshwm sim rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub ntim sab hauv thaum lub pob qhib. Canada yog thawj lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb uas xav tau kev ntim khoom uas muaj daim ntawv swb thiab lub plhaub THIAB yog thawj lub tebchaws uas xav tau cov lus qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv sab hauv.
Canadakev ntim luam yeebcov cai lij choj yog cov muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab yog thawj zaug rau:
• Txwv tsis pub siv cov lus piav qhia xim rau txhua lub npe hom thiab cov npe sib txawv
• Yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tais thiab lub plhaub ntim rau cov luam yeeb
• Yuav tsum muaj xim av daj ntseg sab hauv ntawm lub ntim khoom
• Txwv tsis pub haus luam yeeb ntev tshaj 85 hli
• Txwv tsis pub haus luam yeeb uas muaj txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 7.65 hli
Cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb uas tau teeb tsa los ntawm Canada cov cai tswjfwm ntim khoom yooj yim
Canada tsis tau siv cov lus ceeb toom kev noj qab haus huv tshiab thiab loj dua (PHWs) rau ntawm cov pob luam yeeb nrog rau cov cai ntim khoom yooj yim, raws li lwm lub tebchaws suav nrog Australia, United Kingdom, Fabkis, thiab New Zealand xav tau. Txawm li cas los xij,Lub hnab luam yeeb ntawm Canadacov lus ceeb toom (75% ntawm sab pem hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum) yuav yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb hais txog thaj chaw tag nrho thaum qhov kev yuam kom swb thiab plhaub hom ntawv pib siv rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2021. Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Canada tab tom ua tiav cov phiaj xwm los siv ntau pawg ntawm cov lus ceeb toom kev noj qab haus huv tshiab rau cov khoom haus luam yeeb uas yuav tsum tau tig tom qab lub sijhawm teev tseg.9 Daim duab 2 qhia txog lub sijhawm rau kev ntim khoom yooj yim hauv Canada hauv kev sib raug zoo rau ITC Plaub Lub Tebchaws Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Surveys, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv rau daim ntawv tshaj tawm no.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ITC Canada Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Survey ua ntej thiab tom qab kev ntim khoom yooj yim tau siv tag nrho ntawm qib muag khoom thaum Lub Ob Hlis 7, 2020. ITC Canada Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Survey, ib feem ntawm ITC Plaub Lub Tebchaws Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Survey loj dua, uas kuj tau ua ua ke nrog kev tshawb fawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Australia, thiab Askiv, yog kev tshawb fawb hauv pawg neeg ua los ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb laus thiab cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas tau xaiv los ntawm cov pawg neeg hauv tebchaws hauv txhua lub tebchaws. Daim ntawv tshawb fawb online 45 feeb suav nrog cov lus nug uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev ntim khoom yooj yim, uas tau siv los ntawm ITC Project los ntsuam xyuas kev ntim khoom yooj yim hauv Australia, Askiv, New Zealand, thiab Fabkis. Daim Ntawv Soj Ntsuam Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping ntawm ITC Canada tau ua los ntawm cov qauv sawv cev thoob tebchaws ntawm 4600 tus neeg haus luam yeeb laus uas tau ua tiav cov kev soj ntsuam hauv xyoo 2018 (ua ntej ntim khoom yooj yim), 2020 (tom qab ntim khoom yooj yim), lossis ob xyoos. Cov ntaub ntawv ntev los ntawm Canada raug piv rau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ob lub tebchaws ITC (Australia thiab Tebchaws Meskas) qhov twg cov kev soj ntsuam zoo sib xws tau ua dhau tib lub sijhawm, thiab uas sib txawv ntawm lawv cov cai ntim khoom haus luam yeeb thiab cov kev cai rau kev hloov pauv hauv PHWs (saib Rooj 1).i Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg teb cov lus nug hauv Canada, Australia, thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau muab tso ua ke hauv Rooj 2. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm kuj tseem nthuav qhia kev sib piv thoob tebchaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev ntsuas cuam tshuam txoj cai xaiv hauv Canada thiab txog li 25 lwm lub tebchaws ITC.ii
Cov ntsiab lus tag nrho ntawm kev kuaj thiab cov txheej txheem soj ntsuam hauv txhua lub tebchaws tau muab tso rau hauv ITC Plaub Lub Tebchaws Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Vaping Survey.
cov ntawv qhia txog kev siv tshuab, muaj nyob rau ntawm:https://itcproject.org/methods/
Qhov project ITC tau tshaj tawm cov ntawv qhia txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim hauv New Zealand18 thiab Askiv19. Cov ntawv tshawb fawb ITC yav tom ntej yuav nthuav tawm cov kev tshuaj xyuas ntau ntxiv txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim hauv Canada thiab lwm lub tebchaws, nrog rau kev sib piv ntawm cov cai cuam tshuam thoob plaws tag nrho cov tebchaws ITC uas tau siv cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim.Canadantim luam yeeb.Qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm rau Canada hauv cov ntawv tshawb fawb tom ntej thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm hauv daim ntawv no yog vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov kho lej, tab sis tsis hloov pauv tus qauv tag nrho ntawm cov kev tshawb pom.ii.
Cov txiaj ntsig xyoo 2020 rau Canada uas tau nthuav tawm hauv cov lej hla tebchaws yuav txawv me ntsis ntawm cov txiaj ntsig xyoo 2020 hauv cov lej ntev uas tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm no vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov kho lej rau txhua hom kev tshuaj xyuas.iii
Thaum lub sijhawm ntsuam xyuas cov ntawv ntim khoom tom qab dawb hauv Canada, feem ntau cov pob khoom dawb ntawm cov khw muag khoom yog hom ntawv tig sab saud, nrog rau hom ntawv swb thiab plhaub tsuas yog muaj rau qee lub npe tsawg. Ib qho ntawm cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom dawb yog kom txo qhov zoo nkauj thiab kev nyiam ntawm cov khoom luam yeeb.
Kev tshawb fawb uas tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws tau qhia tas li tias cov hnab luam yeeb yooj yim tsis nyiam cov neeg haus luam yeeb dua li cov hnab luam yeeb muaj npe nrov.12-16
Daim Ntawv Soj Ntsuam ITC tau qhia tias muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm feem pua ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb hauv Canada uas pom tias lawv lub hnab luam yeeb "tsis nyiam kiag li" tom qab kev siv Canadakev ntim luam yeeb.Qhov kev txo qis tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyiam no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub tebchaws sib piv - Australia thiab Tebchaws Meskas - qhov twg tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm feem pua ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas pom tias lawv lub hnab luam yeeb "tsis nyiam kiag li".
Tom qab siv cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim hauv Canada, feem pua ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas hais tias lawv tsis nyiam qhov zoo li cas ntawm lawv lub hnab luam yeeb tau nce ntxiv ntau heev (los ntawm 29% hauv xyoo 2018 mus rau 45% hauv xyoo 2020). Qhov kev nyiam siv cov ntawv ntim khoom yog qhov qis tshaj plaws hauv Australia (qhov chaw uas cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim tau siv ua ke nrog cov chaw haus luam yeeb loj dua hauv xyoo 2012), nrog ntau dua ob feem peb ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb tau tshaj tawm tias lawv tsis nyiam qhov zoo li cas ntawm lawv lub hnab hauv xyoo 2018 (71%) thiab 2020 (69%). Qhov sib txawv, feem pua ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas hais tias lawv tsis nyiam qhov zoo li cas ntawm lawv lub hnab tseem qis hauv Tebchaws Meskas (9% hauv xyoo 2018 thiab 12% hauv xyoo 2020), qhov chaw uas cov lus ceeb toom tsuas yog cov ntawv xwb thiab cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim tsis tau siv (saib Daim Duab 3).
Cov txiaj ntsig no yog sib xws nrog cov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los ntawm ITC Project uas qhia txog kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas tsis nyiam qhov zoo li ntawm lawv lub pob tom qab kev ntim khoom yooj yim tau siv hauv Australia (los ntawm 44% hauv xyoo 2012 txog 82% hauv xyoo 2013)17, New Zealand (los ntawm 50% hauv xyoo 2016-17 txog 75% hauv xyoo 2018)18, thiab Askiv (los ntawm 16% hauv xyoo 2016 txog 53% hauv xyoo 2018).19
Cov kev tshawb pom tam sim no kuj ntxiv rau cov pov thawj los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb luam tawm uas qhia txog kev txo qis ntawm kev nyiam ntim khoom tom qab kev siv cov ntim khoom yooj yim nrog PHWs loj dua hauv Australia20, 21 thiab qhov cuam tshuam zoo ntawmCanadakev ntim luam yeebtxog kev txo qhov kev thov ntawm cov neeg coob coob thiab ua rau cov neeg mob PHWs loj zuj zus hauv tebchaws Askiv.22
Tsis ntev los no, muaj ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab uas soj ntsuam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim hauv tebchaws United Kingdom thiab Norway siv cov kev ntsuas kev soj ntsuam ITC uas tau tsim tsa los muab pov thawj ntxiv tias kev siv cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim ua ke nrog cov PHWs loj dua tshiab ua rau muaj kev ceeb toom thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua li qhov ua tau los ntawm kev siv cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv rau cov lus ceeb toom kev noj qab haus huv. Ua ntej kev siv cov ntawv ntim khoom yooj yim, ob lub tebchaws muaj cov lus ceeb toom kev noj qab haus huv zoo ib yam ntawm cov pob luam yeeb (43% cov ntawv ceeb toom nyob rau pem hauv ntej, 53% PHW nyob rau sab nraub qaum).
Tom qab siv cov ntawv ntim yooj yim ua ke nrog cov PHWs loj dua tshiab (65% ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum) hauv tebchaws United Kingdom, muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb pom, nyeem, thiab xav txog cov lus ceeb toom, xav txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, kev zam kev coj cwj pwm, tso tseg luam yeeb, thiab muaj feem ntau yuav tso tseg vim yog cov lus ceeb toom.
Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv, muaj kev txo qis tseem ceeb hauv kev pom, nyeem, thiab saib ze rau cov lus ceeb toom, xav txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, thiab muaj feem ntau yuav tso tseg vim yog cov lus ceeb toom ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb hauv Norway, qhov chaw uas cov ntawv ntim yooj yim tau siv yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv rau cov lus ceeb toom kev noj qab haus huv.23 Cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig pom hauv United Kingdom piv rau Norway qhia tau tiasCanada kev ntim luam yeebua kom cov lus ceeb toom loj thiab cov duab tshiab zoo dua, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntawv ceeb toom qub/cov duab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-15-2024