Tshooj lus thib ib yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntim khoom

Tshooj lus thib ib yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntim khoom

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1. Kev txhais ntawm kev ntim khoom

Hauv Suav teb tus qauv GB/T41221-1996, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntim khoom yog: lub npe tag nrho ntawm cov thawv, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv pabcuam siv raws li qee txoj kev siv tshuab los tiv thaiv cov khoom hauv cov txheej txheem ncig, pab txhawb kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los, thiab txhawb kev muag khoom. Nws kuj hais txog cov haujlwm ua haujlwm uas qee txoj kev siv tshuab tau siv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov thawv, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom pabcuam kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj saum toj no.

To taub lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom ntim, suav nrog ob yam ntawm lub ntsiab lus: ntawm ib sab tes hais txog lub thawv uas muaj cov khoom, feem ntau hu ua ntim khoom, xws li hnab, thawv, thoob, pob tawb, lub raj mis, thiab lwm yam.; Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom ntim, xws li kev ntim khoom, ntim khoom, thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom ntim muaj ob yam ntxwv, xws li kev ua raws li txoj cai thiab khoom muag. Kev ntim khoom yog ib qho khoom siv ntxiv rau nws cov ntsiab lus; Kev ntim khoom yog ib qho khoom siv ntxivZoo li lub thawv tuav luam yeeb, lub thawv luam yeeb, lub thawv luam yeeb khoob, lub thawv luam yeeb khoob, kev caicov thawv ua ntej dov,kev caicov thawv ua ntej dov, nws yog khoom muag kub.

Cov khoom tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntsiab lus, muaj nqis thiab siv tau txiaj ntsig; Tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb kom paub txog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom sab hauv thiab siv tau txiaj ntsig.

Kev tsim cov ntim khoom

Feem ntau ntseeg tias kev ntim khoom feem ntau txuas nrog cov khoom thiab yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los ua kom tau txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom thiab siv txiaj ntsig. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim cov ntim khoom yuav tsum tau xam txij thaum pib ntawm kev sib pauv khoom hauv tib neeg lub neej. Tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim cov ntim khoom kuj tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev ncig khoom. Kev tsim cov ntim khoom tuaj yeem faib ua peb theem.

1. Theem ntim khoom tseem ceeb

Thaum ntxov ntawm kev tsim khoom, tom qab muaj kev sib pauv khoom, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom muag tau muag, qhov xav tau thawj zaug yog kev thauj khoom thiab khaws cia, uas yog, cov khoom yuav tsum tiv taus qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm dhau mus. Ua li no, kev ntim khoom tau tsim los muab kev tiv thaiv rau cov khoom. Thaum lub sijhawm no, kev ntim khoom feem ntau yog hais txog kev ntim khoom thawj zaug, uas yog, ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm kev thauj khoom ib nrab, siv cov thawv ntim khoom thawj zaug xws li lub thawv, thoob, pob tawb, thiab pob tawb. Vim tias tsis muaj pob me me, cov khoom yuav tsum tau faib rau ntawm khw muag khoom.

2. Theem kev tsim khoom ntim khoom

Nyob rau theem no, tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov ntim khoom thauj xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov ntim me me uas ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev xa khoom kom zoo nkauj. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam khoom lag luam, muaj ntau yam khoom, thiab cov tuam txhab sib txawv tsim cov khoom zoo sib txawv thiab xim sib txawv. Thaum pib, cov neeg tsim khoom siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom los sib txawv cov khoom ntawm cov tuam txhab, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam siv cov ntim me me los xa cov ntaub ntawv no. Nrog rau kev sib tw ua lag luam hnyav, cov ntim me me ces ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab txhawb nqa cov khoom. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov ntim khoom thauj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv, thaum cov ntim me me feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib txawv cov khoom, kev zoo nkauj thiab txhawb nqa cov khoom. Vim yog lub pob me me, cov khoom tsis tas yuav tsum tau faib rau ntawm khw muag khoom, tab sis cov khoom tseem yuav tsum tau qhia thiab txhawb nqa los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev muag khoom hauv khw loj tau thawb cov ntim khoom mus rau theem siab dua ntawm kev txhim kho. 3. Kev ntim khoom muag tau dhau los ua theem muag khoom ntsiag to ntawm cov khoom mus rau kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ntim khoom muag, kev ntim khoom muag tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom, tau dhau los ua ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los nrhiav kev nplua ntxiv, kev ntim khoom muag hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm kev muag khoom thiab kev siv hauv lub luag haujlwm kuj tseem loj hlob. Tib lub sijhawm, kev thauj mus los ntim khoom kuj tau tsim los ntawm kev tiv thaiv yooj yim mus rau kev coj ua ntawm yuav ua li cas txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev thauj mus los.

Kev txhim kho ntawm kev ntim khoom mus rau theem tam sim no feem ntau hu ua kev ntim khoom niaj hnub. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom niaj hnub, kev vam khom ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev ntim khoom tau pom tseeb dua, hauv tag nrho cov khoom tsim, kev ncig, kev muag khoom thiab txawm tias kev siv khoom xav tau ib qho khoom siv - kev tsis muaj kev ntim khoom nws nyuaj rau tsim lub voj voog zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv zej zog. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias ntau yam ntawm kev ntim khoom niaj hnub nce ntxiv, qhov kev ua haujlwm nce qhov feem pua ​​ntawm kev nce nqi, kev ntim khoom tseem yog ib qho khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sab hauv, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev ntim khoom yuav raug txwv los ntawm cov khoom, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom sab hauv thiab nws qhov kev hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev ntim khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev lag luam ntawm kev ntim khoom nws tus kheej tau pom tseeb dua hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias kev ntim khoom tau tsim kho kom deb li deb, txawm hais tias kev vam khom ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev ntim khoom tau nce ntxiv, kev vam khom ntawm kev tsim khoom ntim khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom tau txo qis, thiab nws qhov kev ywj pheej tau nce ntxiv.

Tam sim no, kev tsim khoom ntim khoom tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov lag luam tseem ceeb. Ntawm 40 lub lag luam tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws, kev lag luam ntim khoom yog qib 12. Kev ntim khoom, zoo li lwm yam khoom siv zog uas tsim nyog rau zej zog, muaj qhov xwm txheej khoom muag thiab tau dhau los ua lub hom phiaj ntawm kev lag luam ntawm cov tuam tsev. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ntim khoom niaj hnub no qhia txog qhov xwm txheej khoom muag, txhais tau tias thiab kev ua haujlwm tsim khoom ntawm kev ntim khoom. Tus nqi ntawm kev ntim khoom suav nrog hauv tus nqi ntawm cov khoom, uas tsis yog tsuas yog them nyiaj thaum cov khoom muag, tab sis kuj them nyiaj ntau dhau rau kev muab khoom thiab kev thov hauv kev ua lag luam. Kev ntim khoom zoo tuaj yeem coj cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam loj heev. Kev ntim khoom yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom tsuas yog tom qab ntim khoom, kom ua tiav nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, txhawm rau nkag mus rau hauv kev ncig thiab kev siv. Hauv kev lag luam ntim khoom, feem ntau hais lus, cov khoom ntxiv rau kev ntim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib tw. Kev ntim khoom yog raws li qee yam khoom, cov yam ntxwv, cov duab thiab cov xwm txheej khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los thiab kev xav tau muag khoom, kev siv cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom tshwj xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem kev siv tshuab, raws li cov qauv tsim kom tsim kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua qauv thiab kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub koom haum, nrog ob yam ntxwv ntawm kev kos duab thiab thev naus laus zis, nrog cov duab, ntim, theem, kev ncaj ncees thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub cev, txhua yam khoom ntim khoom, yuav tsum siv cov khoom ntim khoom tshwj xeeb, los ntawm kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom, muaj lawv tus kheej cov qauv, cov duab thiab cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom ntim khoom, cov txheej txheem ntim khoom, cov qauv ntim khoom thiab kev thauj khoom saum npoo av yog plaub yam tseem ceeb uas tsim cov khoom ntim khoom. Cov khoom ntim khoom yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom, yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom. Cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov haujlwm tiv thaiv cov khoom ntim khoom thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom sab hauv zoo. Cov qauv ntim khoom yog hom khoom ntim khoom thiab cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom tshwj xeeb. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntim khoom yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm plaub yam los ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm daim duab thiab cov ntawv, kev txhawb nqa thiab kev qhia txog cov khoom tseem ceeb, qhov xav tau kev tsim qauv zoo meej kom tiav, tsuas yog ua li no thiaj li ua tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm cov lag luam ntim khoom.

Qhov thib peb, qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntim khoom

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ntim khoom feem ntau yog pom tseeb hauv cov hauv qab no

1. Tiv thaiv cov khoom

Kev tiv thaiv cov khoom yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntim khoom. Cov khoom lag luam hauv cov txheej txheem ncig, tej zaum yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam sab nraud, ua rau cov khoom muaj kuab paug, puas tsuaj, xau lossis puas tsuaj, yog li cov khoom lag luam txo qis lossis poob tus nqi ntawm kev siv. Kev ntim khoom raws li kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim nyog tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tiv taus kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntau yam sab nraud, yog li tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab xyuas kom meej qhov zoo thiab ntau ntawm cov khoom.Xws lilub tshuab zom pa luam yeeb, lub thawv luam yeeb, lub thawv sib koom ua ke, lub thawv luam yeeb.

2. Pab txhawb kev ncig khoom

Kev ntim khoom muab cov xwm txheej yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau kev ncig cov khoom. Cov khoom raug ntim raws li qee qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, cov duab, qhov ntau, qhov loj me thiab cov thawv sib txawv, thiab sab nraud ntawm lub pob feem ntau yog luam tawm nrog ntau yam cim, qhia txog cov lus qhia ntawm cov khoom ntim lub npe, qhov ntau, xim thiab tag nrho cov ntim qhov hnyav tag nrho, qhov hnyav tag nrho, qhov ntim, lub npe Hoobkas, chaw nyob Hoobkas thiab kev ceev faj hauv kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev faib cov khoom, suav thiab suav. Nws kuj tseem zoo rau kev siv ntau txoj kev thauj mus los thiab kev khaws cia, txhim kho kev thauj khoom thiab kev tshem tawm, kev thauj mus los, kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los, ua kom cov khoom ntws sai dua, thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam ntawm kev ncig cov khoom.

3. Txhawb thiab nthuav kev muag khoom Cov khoom ntim khoom zoo nkauj tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhawb nqa cov khoom, ua kom cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab txhawb kev muag khoom. Kev ntim khoom tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom lag luam, tab sis kuj tseem nyiam cov neeg siv khoom nrog nws cov txuj ci tshiab thiab tshwj xeeb, coj kev siv khoom, dhau los ua tus thawj coj los txhawb kev yuav khoom ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, yog tus muag khoom ntsiag to ntawm cov khoom. Kev ntim khoom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho lub zog sib tw ntawm cov khoom xa tawm, nthuav kev xa khoom thiab txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam txawv teb chaws.

4. Yooj yim rau cov neeg siv khoom siv

Cov ntim khoom muag nrog cov khoom sib txawv, ntau hom, qhov loj ntawm pob khoom yog qhov tsim nyog, yooj yim rau cov neeg siv khoom siv, txuag thiab nqa. Cov duab kos, cim lag luam thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm pob khoom yog qhov yooj yim rau cov neeg siv khoom txheeb xyuas, thiab tseem qhia txog qhov xwm txheej thiab cov khoom sib xyaw, kev siv, kev siv thiab cov txheej txheem khaws cia, uas ua lub luag haujlwm yooj yim thiab coj kev siv.

5. Txuag nyiaj

Kev ntim khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi tsim khoom. Kev ntim khoom tsim nyog tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tawg ua ntau hom, yog li txhim kho lub peev xwm thauj khoom thiab kev thauj khoom yooj yim thiab tshem tawm, tuaj yeem txuag tau cov nqi thauj mus los, cov nqi khaws cia thiab lwm yam nuj nqis. Qee lub thawv ntim khoom kuj tseem tuaj yeem rov ua dua ntau zaus, txuag tau kev tsim cov khoom ntim khoom thiab cov thawv ntim khoom, uas ua rau txo cov nqi thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam.

Hauv ntej, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom yuav tsum yog: kev tiv thaiv, kev yooj yim, kev txhawb nqa thiab kev tso saib.

Plaub, cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm pob khoom

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntim khoom: Kev ntim khoom yog hais txog tag nrho cov khoom tom qab ntim, uas yog, lub ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm kev ntim khoom thiab cov khoom lag luam. Nws feem ntau muaj peb ntu: khoom lag luam, ntim sab hauv thiab ntim sab nraud.

Cov khoom ntim khoom ib txwm muaj 8 yam, uas yog: cov khoom ntim, cov khoom ruaj khov, cov khoom tuav, cov khoom thaiv, cov khoom tiv thaiv qhov chaw, cov khoom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj, cov khoom kaw thiab cov khoom tso saib. Cov khoom ntim feem ntau tsis tas yuav suav nrog txhua yam saum toj no.

Tsib, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev ntim khoom

Pab txoj kev, tus ntiv tes ntsiag to kho kom zoo nkauj ntses hlub niam

1. Yuav kom hloov kho tau raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, kev ntim khoom yuav tsum ua raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab thev naus laus zis sib xws, kom cov ntim khoom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj ntawm cov khoom.

2. Hloov kho rau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ncig ntshav

Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ncig, cov khoom ntim yuav tsum muaj qee yam zog, tawv, ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov. Rau ntau hom kev thauj mus los thiab txoj kev thauj mus los, cov thawv ntim khoom sib xws thiab kev kho mob kuj yuav tsum tau xaiv siv. Hauv ntej, tag nrho cov ntim yuav tsum hloov kho rau qhov chaw khaws khoom thiab kev thauj mus los thiab cov kev xav tau zog hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev ncig.

3, lub ntim khoom yuav tsum tsim nyog thiab nruab nrab

Rau kev ntim khoom muag, qhov loj ntawm lub thawv ntim khoom thiab cov khoom sab hauv yuav tsum tsim nyog, thiab tus nqi ntim khoom yuav tsum sib xws nrog qhov xav tau tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom sab hauv. Kev tseg chaw ntau dhau thiab cov nqi ntim khoom uas suav nrog ntau dhau ntawm tag nrho tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yog qhov tsis zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom.

Cov khoom ntim khoom yuav tsum tau ua tus qauv, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom ntim, cov lus qhia thiab qhov ntev, cov qauv tsim, cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom, cov lus siv, cov cim luam ntawv, cov txheej txheem ntim khoom, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom yuav tsum tau koom ua ke, thiab maj mam tsim cov koob thiab kev dav dav kom 4. Kev ua tus qauv yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim cov thawv ntim khoom, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntim khoom, ua kom yooj yim rau cov lus qhia ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom, txo cov nqi, txuag cov khoom siv raw, pab txhawb kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev ntsuas, thiab pab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom ntim zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom.

Cov txiaj ntsig, kev siv tsis raug ntawm "kev ntim khoom ntau dhau".

Cov kev cai ntsuab thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom muaj ob lub ntsiab lus: Ua ntej, kev xaiv cov thawv ntim khoom, cov ntaub ntawv, thev naus laus zis 5. Cov khoom ntim yuav tsum ntsuab thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig nws tus kheej yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab huv si rau cov khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov thib ob, cov txheej txheem ntim khoom thiab cov thawv khoom siv yog muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ntsuab rau ib puag ncig. Hauv kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom, peb yuav tsum ua raws li cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov, kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev siv tsawg, kev ua haujlwm siab, kev tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj, kev siv rov qab ruaj khov, lossis kev puas tsuaj zoo tom qab pov tseg.

6. Cov kev cai rau kev ntim khoom

1. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv tshuab ntim khoom Kev siv tshuab ntim khoom yog hais txog cov kev ntsuas kev siv los tiv thaiv cov yam ntxwv sab hauv thiab sab nraud uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo kom tiv thaiv kev poob ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab kev hloov pauv zoo hauv kev ncig khoom, tseem hu ua cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev ntim khoom. 2. Cov kev cai ntawm kev siv tshuab ntim khoom.

Cov yam sab hauv thiab sab nraud uas cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom zoo yog muab faib ua lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg, kab mob thiab lwm yam. Cov thev naus laus zis tiv thaiv kev ntim khoom yog cov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb uas tau siv rau cov yam sab hauv thiab sab nraud saum toj no uas cuam tshuam rau cov khoom zoo.

7. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab kev ntim khoom

Raws li cov lus hais tias: "Paj liab zoo, tab sis nplooj ntsuab kuj txhawb nqa." Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab kev ntim khoom, zoo li qhov zoo ntawm cov paj safflower thiab cov nplooj ntsuab yog qhov tseem ceeb, tib neeg tsis yog yuav cov ntim khoom los yuav cov khoom.

"Tab sis kev ntim khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tso tseg. Kev ntim khoom zoo tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov khoom, yooj yim muag thiab nqa, ua kom cov khoom zoo nkauj kom nce tus nqi, ua rau cov neeg siv khoom xav yuav, tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg muag khoom ntsiag to. Kev tsim qauv ntim khoom zoo tsis tsuas yog txhim kho tus nqi ntxiv ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj yog ib daim duab kos duab. Thaum qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yog thawj chav kawm, tab sis kev ntim khoom tsis zoo, nws tseem yuav ua rau kev muag khoom qeeb, lub sijhawm no, kev ntim khoom ntawm cov khoom yuav nce mus rau qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, Tuam Tshoj ib zaug xa tawm cov fwj me me ntawm Qingdao npias mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, cov khoom siv raw thiab cov txheej txheem yog thawj chav kawm, xim ntawm cov cawv yog qhov tseeb, cov ua npuas ncauj zoo thiab huv si, thiab lub qhov ncauj yog mellow thiab 100 qhov ncauj npias txawv teb chaws piv rau, tsis qis dua. Tab sis qhov zoo ntawm Tsingtao npias fwj yog qhov qub. Yog li ntawd, nws tau qeeb qhib kev lag luam dav. Qee tus neeg Suav teb txawv teb chaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas tab tom thov kom Tsingtao tau txais ib lub tsho tshiab zoo."

Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntim khoom, qee lub tuam txhab siv kev ntim khoom los npog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom. Cov neeg tsim qauv ntim khoom yuav tsum zam ob qho tib si.