Cov khoom me me feem ntau yuav qias neeg thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab thauj mus los, thiab ntau yam khoom feem ntau raug muab tso ua ke raws li qee txoj cai. Kev sib sau ua ke ua ntej dov zaub lub thawv ntim khoom yog hais txog kev sau ntau daim me me ntawm cov khoom ntim lossis cov khoom tsis tau ntim rau hauv ib chav thauj khoom loj uas tuaj yeem nqa lossis thauj khoom los ntawm lub thawv kom yooj yim siv cov tshuab rau kev thauj khoom, tshem tawm thiab tuav cov haujlwm. Cov thawv tuaj yeem faib ua rau pawg raws li lawv cov duab: cov thawv ntim khoom, cov thawv pallet, cov hnab ntim khoom, cov thawv ntim khoom thiab cov thawv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntim khoom thawv yog kom txuag tau neeg ua haujlwm thiab txo qhov kev thauj mus los thiablub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobcov nqi ntim khoom.
Lub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobtxoj kev ntim khoom
Kev ntim khoom ua ke thiab kev ntim rau hauv thawv yog ib txoj kev ntim khoom ua ke uas siv cov ntaub ntawv khi los sib xyaw cov khoom xws li cov khoom hlau, ntoo, lossis cov pob me me rau hauv ib chav thauj cov ntaub ntawv ywj pheej. Daim duab 7-17 qhia txog kev siv ntau yam kev khi thiab kev ntim rau hauv thawv. Cov ntim khoom nolub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobCov txheej txheem siv cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom tsawg dua, pheej yig, yooj yim khaws cia, thauj khoom, tshem tawm, thiab thauj mus los, thiab muaj cov haujlwm ntawm kev kaw, kaw, tiv thaiv tub sab, thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom kom tsis txhob ploj lossis vau.
Cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev siv strapping feem ntaulub thawv tso saib ua ntej yob
Cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev khi hlua feem ntau suav nrog hlau hlau, hlau hlua, polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride thiab lwm yam yas hlua khi hlua thiab cov hlua khi hlua uas muaj zog. Hlau hlau feem ntau yog siv los khi cov khoom tawv xws li hlau profiles, kav dej, cib, thawv ntoo, thiab lwm yam. Thaum khi cov thawv ntoo, lawv yuav nkag mus rau hauv ntug thiab ces kaum ntawm cov thawv ntoo. Cov hlua hlau yog hom hlua khi uas muaj lub zog tensile siab tshaj plaws. Lawv muaj qhov nrawm me me thiab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam xws li hnub ci thiab kub. Lawv muaj peev xwm tuav tau qhov nruj zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov nruj ntawm cov khoom siv compressed muaj zog, tab sis lawv yooj yim xeb. Cov siv polyester muaj lub zog tensile siab thiab tiv taus kev cuam tshuam, cov khoom rov qab zoo elastic thiab muaj peev xwm tuav tau qhov nruj, tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg zoo, thiab khaws cia tau ntev. Lawv tuaj yeem hloov cov siv hlau rau kev ntim khoom.lub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobCov khoom hnyav. Cov hlua nylon yog elastic, muaj zog, muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo hnav, tiv thaiv khoov, tiv thaiv dej, tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab tsis hnyav. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib sau ua ke thiab ntim cov khoom hnyav, pallets, thiab lwm yam. Cov hlua polyethylene yog cov khoom siv zoo heev rau kev ua tes ua taw. Lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv dej zoo thiab tsim nyog rau kev khi cov khoom ua liaj ua teb nrog cov dej noo ntau. Lawv tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov zoo thiab ruaj khov, ruaj khov hauv kev khaws cia, thiab yooj yim siv. Txoj siv polypropylene yog lub teeb thiab mos, muaj lub zog siab, tsis muaj dej.
Lub pallet yog ib lub thawv uas siv los sib sau ua ke cov khoom hauv ib daim ntawv thiab tuaj yeem thauj khoom, tshem tawm thiab thauj mus los.lub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobyog ib txoj kev ntim khoom ua ke uas muab ntau lub pob khoom lossis khoom muag ua ke rau hauv ib chav tswj hwm ywj pheej hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm cov khoom siv tshuab, pab txhawb kev tswj hwm kev khaws khoom niaj hnub, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom zoo heev. Qib kev tswj hwm kev khaws khoom.
1. Lub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobcov txheej txheem ntim khoom pallet
(1) Ntim khoom rau ntawm palletlub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobthiab nws cov yam ntxwv Qhov zoo ntawm kev ntim khoom pallet yog kev ua tau zoo tag nrho, kev sib dhos du thiab ruaj khov, uas tuaj yeem zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pob khoom poob rau hauv lub thawv thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, thauj khoom, tshem tawm, kev thauj mus los thiab lwm yam txheej txheem ncig. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev thauj khoom, tshem tawm thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov tshuab loj. Piv nrog kev cia siab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tshuab me me los thauj thiab tshem tawm cov pob me me, nws cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem txhim kho zoo heev, thiab nws tuaj yeem txo qhov ua tau ntawm kev sib tsoo, poob, pov tseg thiab kev tuav cov khoom tsis zoo thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm, kev thauj mus los thiab lwm yam txheej txheem ncig, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev hloov pauv khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntim khoom pallet ua rau tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom pallet nce thiab kev saib xyuas, thiab xav tau kev yuav cov tshuab tuav khoom sib xws. Cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam qhia tau tias kev siv cov ntim khoom palletlub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobes tsis txhob siv cov ntim khoom qub, nws yuav txo tau cov nqi xa khoom ntau heev, suav nrog kev txo nqi 45% rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev, txo nqi 60% rau cov khoom ntawv, txo nqi 55% rau cov khoom noj, thiab txo nqi 15% rau cov iav tiaj tiaj thiab cov cib uas tsis kub hnyiab.
(2) Cov txheej txheem pallet stacking Feem ntau muaj plaub txoj kev pallet stacking, uas yog hom yooj yim rov saib dua, hom staggered mus tom ntej thiab rov qab, hom crisscross thiab hom rotating staggered, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 7-18. Cov txheej txheem stacking sib txawv muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, uas yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Hauv kev sib tshooj yooj yim, cov khoom ntawm txhua txheej tau teeb tsa tib yam, tab sis tsis muaj kev sib tshooj hla. Cov khoom feem ntau yooj yim sib cais ntev, muaj kev ruaj khov tsis zoo, thiab xav tau lub zog compressive siab ntawm cov txheej hauv qab ntawm cov khoom. Los ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib tshooj thiab muab kev ua si tag nrho rau lub zog compressive ntawm kev ntim khoom, kev sib tshooj yooj yim yog txoj kev sib tshooj zoo tshaj plaws. Cov qauv sib tshooj ntawm cov txheej khib-tus lej thiab cov txheej txawm-tus lej ntawm kev sib tshooj pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab yog 180 ° sib txawv. Qhov sib tshooj ntawm cov txheej yog qhov zoo, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom pallet yog siab. Txoj kev sib tshooj no feem ntau yog siv rau cov pallets rectangular, thiab qhov ntev thiab dav ntawm cov khoom yog Qhov piv yog 3: 2 lossis 6: 5. Cov txheej khib thiab tus lej txawm ntawm kev sib tshooj hla yog sib tshooj hauv ntau qhov kev taw qhia. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov qauv sib tshooj ntawm ob txheej sib ze sib txawv los ntawm 90 °. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov pallets square. Hauv kev teeb tsa staggered, thaum teeb tsa txhua txheej, qhov kev taw qhia raug hloov los ntawm 90 ° los tsim kev sib tshooj kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ruaj khov, tab sis vim tias qhov chaw nruab nrab muaj qhov, txo qhov siv ntawm lub pallet, txoj kev teeb tsa no feem ntau yog siv rau cov pallets plaub fab. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev teeb tsa cov khoom ntawm cov pallets hauv ib txoj kev, thaum tsim cov ntim pallet, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xa mus rau tus qauv hauv tebchaws CB4892 "Rigid Cuboid Transport Packaging Dimension Series" raws li hom khoom, pallet load hnyav thiab qhov loj me, thiab lwm yam. ", GB 13201 "Rigid Cylinder Transportation Packaging Dimension Series" thiab GB 13757 "Bag Transportation Packaging Dimension Series" thiab lwm yam qauv los txiav txim siab txoj kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub pallet, thiab tus nqi siv ntawm lub pallet feem ntau tsis tsawg dua 80%.
Cov ntsiab cai yooj yim rau kev xaiv cov txheej txheem pallet stacking yog:
① Cov khoom siv khov kho xws li ntoo, ntawv thiab hlau thawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib txheej lossis ntau txheej thiab kho nrog cov ntim khoom ncab lossis ntim khoom ntsws; ② Cov khoom ntawv lossis fiber Siv ib txheej lossis ntau txheej staggered stacking thiab hla-sealing nrog daim kab xev strapping; ③ Cov thawv hlau kaw thiab lwm yam khoom cylindrical yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib txheej lossis ntau txheej staggered style thiab txhawb nqa nrog cov ntoo npog; ④ Tiv thaiv dej noo, tsis muaj dej, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom ntawv tiv thaiv thiab textiles yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ntau txheej thiab staggered, thiab siv cov ntim khoom ncab, ntim khoom ntsws lossis ntxiv cov kev txhawb nqa ces kaum, npog thiab lwm yam kev txhawb nqa; ⑤ Cov khoom tawg yooj yim yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib txheej lossis ntau txheej, nrog cov kev txhawb nqa ntoo ntxiv cov qauv faib; ⑥ Cov thawv hlau lub raj mis cylindrical lossis cov khoom raug muab tso rau hauv ib txheej kom nce
Cov qauv no muaj cov thav duab thiab cov slats txhawb nqa; ⑦ Cov hnab khoom feem ntau raug teeb tsa rau pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab. Hauv kev ntim khoom pallet, cov khoom ntim khoom hauv qab dais lub nra hnyav ntawm cov khoom sab saud, thiab cov xwm txheej compression ntev yuav ua rau lub thawv ntim khoom lossis cov khoom siv nkag mus, cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov ntim khoom pallet. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsim cov ntim khoom pallet, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas lub zog ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom thiab xav txog cov khoom nkag mus ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom lossis cov khoom ntim khoom kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab thauj mus los.
(3) Txoj kev kho pallet Thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab thauj cov khoom pallet-loaded unit, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias nws ruaj khov, yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem khi kom tsim nyog los tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob vau. Rau cov khoom uas xav tau cov dej noo thiab cov dej tsis nkag, yuav tsum muaj cov kev ntsuas sib xws. Cov txheej txheem kho feem ntau siv rau kev ntim palletlub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobsuav nrog kev sib sau ua ke, nplaum, qhwv, thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv, thiab lwm yam, uas kuj siv tau ua ke. Cov txheej txheem sib sau ua ke thiab khi feem ntau siv cov hlua hlau thiab cov hlua yas los khi cov pob khoom thiab pallets kab rov tav thiab ntsug kom tiv thaiv cov khoom ntim los ntawm kev co thaum thauj mus los. () (e) Raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 7-19, ntau txoj kev kho pallet. Rau cov ntim pallet uas tseem tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov ntim khoom thauj mus loslub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobtom qab kho tiav lawm, yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv raws li qhov xav tau. Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv yog ua los ntawm ntawv, ntoo, yas, hlau lossis lwm yam khoom siv.
2.Lub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobTxoj kev tsim cov khoom ntim pallet
Qhov loj ntawm cov pallets tau raug teeb tsa tus qauv. Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias cov nyhuv ntawm cov pallet ntim khoom, lub thawv ntim khoom yuav tsum tau sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov zoo ntawm cov pallet ntim khoom cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom hauv cov txheej txheem ncig. Cov pallet ntim khoom tsim nyog tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom, ua kom ceev cov khoom xa tuaj, thiab txo cov nqi thauj mus los thiab ntim khoom. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tsim rau cov pallet ntim khoom: "sab hauv-sab nraud" thiab "sab nraud-hauv".
(1) Txoj kev tsim "sab hauv-sab nraud" yog tsim cov ntim sab hauv, cov ntim sab nraud thiab pallet raws li qhov loj ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom raug ntim rau hauv cov pob me me los ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm tsim khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd raws li ntau lub pob me me lossis loj dua Xaiv cov thawv ntim khoom raws li cov ntim khoom ib leeg.lub thawv tso saib ua ntej yob, ces sib sau ua ke cov thawv ntim khoom xaiv rau ntawm cov pallets, thiab tom qab ntawd thauj mus rau cov neeg siv. Cov txheej txheem tsim qauv tau qhia hauv Daim Duab 7-20. Raws li qhov loj ntawm cov ntim sab nraud, txoj kev uas nws tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub pallet tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Vim tias muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los teeb tsa cov thawv corrugated ntawm qee qhov loj me ntawm lub dav hlau pallet, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sib piv ntau txoj hauv kev thiab xaiv qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws.
Thaum tsim cov khoom ntim pallet, yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv ntim khoom thoob ntiaj teb uas lees paub ntawm lub voos xwmfab khov kho [600, 400], thiab qhov ntev [1200, 800] thiab [12001000] hauv tus qauv hauv tebchaws GB2934 "Qhov ntev tseem ceeb thiab kev kam rau siab ntawm Universal Flat Pallets rau Intermodal Transport" yuav tsum tau nyiam dua. Cov pallets series kom siv tag nrho thaj chaw pallet thiab txo cov nqi ntim khoom thiab kev thauj mus los. Kev tsim cov khoom ntim pallet loj tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov software tsim cov khoom ntim pallet stacking.
3. Lub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobkev siv tshuab ntim khoom
Lub pallet yog lub thawv zoo li lub thav duab uas muaj zog heev thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev ntim cov khoom hnyav nrog cov qauv nyuaj thiab cov khoom loj. Qee cov khoom muaj cov khoom loj thiab cov duab nyuaj thiab tsis tuaj yeem ntim rau hauv pallets. Cov qauv thav duab feem ntau yog ua los ntawm hlau, ntoo lossis lwm yam khoom siv. Nws lub luag haujlwm yog kho thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom, thiab muab cov khoom siv pabcuam tsim nyog rau kev nqa, forklifting thiab stacking ntawm cov khoom tom qab sib dhos. Hom qauv thav duab no hu ua pallet, uas tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov siv dua rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Lub thawv yog lub thawv loj loj thiab lub thawv ntim khoom loj rau cov khoom ntim hauv thawv. Nws feem ntau yog tsim thiab siv raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Kev thauj mus los hauv thawv muaj qhov zoo sib xws dua li lwm hom kev thauj mus los thiab tau dhau los ua hom kev thauj khoom loj thoob ntiaj teb.
Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Siv Thawv ISO/TC104 ntawm Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Txheem Txheem txhais lub thawv ua "lub thawv uas siv tau dua ntev thiab muaj zog txaus; nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los yam tsis tau tsiv cov khoom hauv lub thawv, tuaj yeem hloov pauv ncaj qha, tuaj yeem thauj khoom sai thiab tsis thauj khoom, thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv ncaj qha los ntawm txoj kev thauj mus los. Yooj yim hloov mus rau lwm txoj kev thauj mus los, yooj yim rau kev sau thiab nchuav cov khoom, thiab lub thawv thauj khoom nrog qhov ntim ntau dua 1m." Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los faib cov thawv, thiab lawv tau muab faib ua cov thawv txhuas, cov thawv hlau thiab cov thawv fiberglass raws li cov ntaub ntawv. . Raws li cov qauv, lawv tau muab faib ua cov thawv ncej, cov thawv tais, cov thawv nyias nyias thiab cov thawv thav duab. Raws li lub hom phiaj, lawv tau muab faib ua cov thawv dav dav thiab cov thawv tshwj xeeb. Cov thawv dav dav, uas yog, cov thawv thauj khoom qhuav dav dav, yog cov thawv siv dav tshaj plaws nrog qib siab ntawm kev ua qauv. Lawv feem ntau yog siv los thauj cov khoom lag luam tiav lossis cov pob khoom uas tsis xav tau kev tswj kub. Cov thawv tshwj xeeb yog cov thawv uas muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau cov pob khoom lossis cov khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li cov thawv loj, cov thawv qhib sab saud, cov thawv txias, cov thawv rwb thaiv tsev, cov thawv cua nkag, cov thawv qhib sab nraud, cov thawv khib nyiab, cov thawv tank, thiab cov thawv laj kab. Tos.
Kev ntim khoom hauv thawvlub thawv tso saib ua ntej yobthev naus laus zis feem ntau suav nrog kev npaj cov phiaj xwm khaws cia cov khoom thauj hauv thawv, kev xaiv hom kev thauj mus los thiab txoj kev xa khoom.
thiab lwm yam. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog cov cai, thov saib cov qauv kev thauj mus los hauv thawv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-22-2024